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In the majority of cases, adjectives decline the same as nouns, however the accusative is a bit different, so we will go over that here.
You can read my previous post on plural adjectives here.
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN VOWELS
Ending in -a / -e
- make sure to lengthen the vowel! (a – á / e – é)
- add -t
sárga – sárgát (yellow)
csúnya – csúnyát (ugly)
gyenge – gyengét (weak)
szőke – szőkét (blonde)
Ending in all other vowels
- add -t
borzasztó – borzasztót (awful)
ehető – ehetőt (edible)
sűrű – sűrűt (dense/thick)
szomorú – szomorút (sad)
régi – régit (old)
kíváncsi – kíváncsit (curious)
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN CONSONANTS
These take linkings vowels -a (back-vowel words) and -e (front-vowel words), so that:
- back-vowel words: -at
- front-vowel words: -et
kék – kéket (blue)
értékes – értékeset (valuable)
kész – készet (ready)
alacsony – alacsonyat (low, short)
biztos – biztosat (sure)
Exceptions
Some adjectives take -o as a linking vowel instead. Some examples:
nagy – nagyot (big)
gazdag – gazdagot (rich)
boldog – boldogot (happy)
szabad – szabadot (free)
ADJECTIVES WITH -ATLAN / -ETLEN CONSTRUCTION
These adjectives decline as nouns in the accusative, and as all of these words end in “n”, you simply add -t at the end. No linking vowel needed. (See the accusative post for the explanation on this)
szükségtelen – szükségtelent (unnecessary)
ismeretlen – ismeretlent (unknown)
megváltozhatatlan – megváltozhatatlant (unchangeable)
gondtalan – gondtalant (carefree)
ETHNONYMS
An ethnonym is a name applied to a given ethnic group. In Hungarian, ethnonyms are not capitalized.
Ethnonyms ending in Vowels
These decline as nouns, so they simply take -t at the end. Don’t forget to lengthen the vowels a and e (a – á / e – é)!
Ethnonyms ending in Consonants
These decline as nouns, just like the accusative case.
NO linking vowel after j, l, ly, n, ny, r, s, sz, z, zs (see accusative post for the explanation on this)
All other ethnonyms ending in consonants: take link vowel -o/-e/-ö for back, front, and rounded front vowels respectively.
horvát – horvátot (Croatian)
finn – finnt (Finnish)
lengyel – lengyelt (Polish)
Just as with plural, there are adjectives whose stems will change in accusative as well. Some examples:
nehéz – nehezet (difficult, heavy)
derék – derekat (brave, sturdy)
kevés – keveset (few, little)
bátor – bátrat (brave, courageous)
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