HUNGARIAN VERB TENSES
Present (Definite)
※ Present (Indefinite) – YOU ARE HERE
Past (Definite & Indefinite)
Conditional (Definite & Indefinite)
Conditional Tense: Usage
Subjunctive/Imperative (Definite & Indefinite)
Subjunctive Tense: Usage
Imperative Tense: Usage
This is only Indefinite Present Conjugation.
To see how to conjugate Definite Present Tense please go here.
To see how and when to use the Indefinite verb conjugation, please go here.
Indefinite conjugation has a couple different categories. We’ll start off with regular verbs.
REGULAR VERBS
| Subject | Back-vowel word | Front-vowel word | Rounded front-vowel word1 |
| Én | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| Te | -sz | -sz | |
| Ő (Ön) | (none) | (none) | |
| Mi | -unk | -ünk | |
| Ti | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| Ők (Önök) | -nak | -nek |
1Some subjects will have a separate ending for rounded front-vowel words, otherwise the same ending is applied for both un-rounded and rounded front-vowel words.
Examples
Énekel (front-vowel word) – to sing
| Én énekelek | Mi énekelünk |
| Te énekelsz | Ti énekeltek |
| Ő énekel | Ők énekelnek |
| Ön énekel | Önök énekelnek |
Ad (back-vowel word) – to give
| Én adok | Mi adunk |
| Te adsz | Ti adtok |
| Ő ad | Ők adnak |
| Ön ad | Önök adnak |
-IK VERBS
For verbs that end in -ik, these conjugate mostly the same except for a couple differences regarding the first person and third person conjugation.
| Subject | Back-vowel word | Front-vowel word | Rounded front-vowel word |
| Én | -om | -em | -öm |
| Te | -sz | -sz | |
| Ő (Ön) | -ik | -ik | |
| Mi | -unk | -ünk | |
| Ti | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| Ők (Önök) | -nak | -nek |
Examples
Játsz(ik) (back-vowel word) – to play
| Én játszom | Mi játszunk |
| Te játszol1 | Ti játszotok2 |
| Ő játszik | Ők játszanak2 |
| Ön játszik | Önök játszanak2 |
1For the „te” indefinite conjugation (in any verb), if the word ends in s, sz, z, dz, then you won’t use the usual conjugation of „sz” (otherwise that would be way too many „s”-like sounds). Instead, it conjugates as follows:
- back-vowel word: -ol (mos -> mosol)
- front-vowel word: -el (néz -> nézel)
- front-vowel (rounded) word: -öl (főz -> főzöl)
This is only for indefinite conjugation; the definite conjugates as discussed previously.
2sometimes the ti and ők/Önök conjugations will take a linking vowel before their ending to make pronunciation easier/flow better
Aggód(ik) (back-vowel word) – to worry (about something)
| Én aggódom | Mi aggódunk |
| Te aggódsz | Ti aggódtok |
| Ő aggódik | Ők aggódnak |
| Ön aggódik | Önök aggódnak |
Eléged(ik) (front-vowel word) – to be satisfied/content
| Én elégedem | Mi elégedünk |
| Te elégedsz | Ti elégedtek |
| Ő elégedik | Ők elégednek |
| Ön elégedik | Ők elégednek |
Költöz(ik) (front-vowel rounded word) – to move/migrate
| Én költözöm | Mi költözünk |
| Te költözöl | Ti költöztök |
| Ő költözik | Ők költöznek |
| Ön költözik | Önök költöznek |
DROPPING THE PRONOUN
Note that in most cases, the pronoun is left off of Hungarian sentences, just like in languages such as Spanish and Japanese. It can sound quite unnatural to constantly use pronouns in Hungarian; instead, the verb conjugation tells you who is being spoken of.
The only exception to this is ő/Ön and ők/Önök, which have the same conjugations as each other, so you would need to use the pronoun to specify if the subject isn’t already clear.
For example, you would not say „én játszom”, but rather just „játszom”, unless you wanted to specify that it was YOU playing, and not someone else.
Therefore, for these first verb lessons I will include the pronouns so you can familiarize yourself with the matching conjugations, but in my other posts the pronouns will be absent for the most part.
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