[Hungarian] Verbs: Past Tense (Definite & Indefinite)

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HUNGARIAN VERB TENSES

Present (Definite)
Present (Indefinite)
Past (Definite & Indefinite) – YOU ARE HERE
Conditional (Definite & Indefinite)
Conditional Tense: Usage
Subjunctive/Imperative (Definite & Indefinite)
Subjunctive Tense: Usage
Imperative Tense: Usage


The past tense conjugation may seem very complicated at first glance, because there is a bit more to it than the present tense. However, I promise that once you practice it enough it will start coming much more naturally, so don’t be intimidated!

There are two things that go into past tense verb conjugation:

  • (1) the “t” ending that marks it as a past tense verb
  • (2) the ending (suffix) that designates who the subject is

This post will cover both Definite Past Tense and Indefinite Past Tense.


Conjugated Suffixes

First, let’s look at the suffixes that come after “-t“, and which tell us who the subject is.

DEFINITE CONJUGATION

SubjectBack-vowel wordFront-vowel word
Én-am-em
Te-ad-ed
Ő (Ön)-a-e
Mi-uk-ük
Ti-átok-étek
Ők (Önök)-ák-ék

INDEFINITE CONJUGATION

SubjectBack-vowel wordFront-vowel word
Én-am-em
Te-ál-él
Ő (Ön)(nothing)(nothing)
Mi-unk-ünk
Ti-atok-etek
Ők (Önök)-ak-ek

Note: The conjugated suffixes are the same no matter which verb category, so the only thing you have to remember for those is vowel harmony and whether it’s definite or indefinite!


Adding -t

Now let’s look at how the -t and suffix come together to properly form both the definite and indefinite past tense.

There are 3 different categories of verbs for past tense, and how the -t is affixed is a little different between them.


Category 1

  • Verbs ending in l, r, n, ny, j

For these, you simply add -t + the suffix

Kér to ask

Definite

Én kértemMi kértük
Te kértedTi kértétek
Ő kérteŐk kérték
Ön kérteÖnök kérték

Indefinite

Én kértemMi kértünk
Te kértélTi kértetek
Ő kértŐk kértek
Ön kértÖnök kértek

As you can see, the “t” serves as a sort of link between the verb and its conjugated suffix.


Category 2

  • Verbs ending in 2 consonants
  • Verbs ending in ít
  • Monosyllabic stems ending in -t

For these verbs, you add -ott/-ett/-ött (depending on vowel harmony) + the suffix

Játszikto play

Definite

Én játszottamMi játszottuk
Te játszottadTi játszottátok
Ő játszottaŐk játszották
Ön játszottaÖnök játszották

Indefinite

Én játszottamMi játszottunk
Te játszottálTi játszottatok
Ő játszottŐk játszottak
Ön játszottÖnök játszottak

Category 3

This category is for all other verbs that don’t fit into the previous two categories.

It also includes a select few verbs that look like they should belong to one of the other categories, but do not. These verbs are: lát, küld, mond, kezd

For this category, you do the same thing as category 1: add -t + suffix. EXCEPT for the indefinite conjugation of ő/Önök, which adds -ott/-ett/-ött instead of just „-t”.

Ad to give

Definite

Én adtamMi adtuk
Te adtadTi adtátok
Ő adtaŐk adták
Ön adtaÖnök adták

Indefinite

Én adtamMi adtunk
Te adtálTi adtatok
Ő adottŐk adtak
Ön adottÖnök adtak

6 responses to “[Hungarian] Verbs: Past Tense (Definite & Indefinite)”

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  5. Simon Doriel Avatar

    Thanks this is most understandble.

    Liked by 1 person

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