HUNGARIAN VERB TENSES
Present (Definite)
Present (Indefinite)
※ Past (Definite & Indefinite) – YOU ARE HERE
Conditional (Definite & Indefinite)
Conditional Tense: Usage
Subjunctive/Imperative (Definite & Indefinite)
Subjunctive Tense: Usage
Imperative Tense: Usage
The past tense conjugation may seem very complicated at first glance, because there is a bit more to it than the present tense. However, I promise that once you practice it enough it will start coming much more naturally, so don’t be intimidated!
There are two things that go into past tense verb conjugation:
- (1) the “t” ending that marks it as a past tense verb
- (2) the ending (suffix) that designates who the subject is
This post will cover both Definite Past Tense and Indefinite Past Tense.
Conjugated Suffixes
First, let’s look at the suffixes that come after “-t“, and which tell us who the subject is.
DEFINITE CONJUGATION
| Subject | Back-vowel word | Front-vowel word |
| Én | -am | -em |
| Te | -ad | -ed |
| Ő (Ön) | -a | -e |
| Mi | -uk | -ük |
| Ti | -átok | -étek |
| Ők (Önök) | -ák | -ék |
INDEFINITE CONJUGATION
| Subject | Back-vowel word | Front-vowel word |
| Én | -am | -em |
| Te | -ál | -él |
| Ő (Ön) | (nothing) | (nothing) |
| Mi | -unk | -ünk |
| Ti | -atok | -etek |
| Ők (Önök) | -ak | -ek |
Note: The conjugated suffixes are the same no matter which verb category, so the only thing you have to remember for those is vowel harmony and whether it’s definite or indefinite!
Adding -t
Now let’s look at how the -t and suffix come together to properly form both the definite and indefinite past tense.
There are 3 different categories of verbs for past tense, and how the -t is affixed is a little different between them.
Category 1
- Verbs ending in l, r, n, ny, j
For these, you simply add -t + the suffix
Kér – to ask
Definite
| Én kértem | Mi kértük |
| Te kérted | Ti kértétek |
| Ő kérte | Ők kérték |
| Ön kérte | Önök kérték |
Indefinite
| Én kértem | Mi kértünk |
| Te kértél | Ti kértetek |
| Ő kért | Ők kértek |
| Ön kért | Önök kértek |
As you can see, the “t” serves as a sort of link between the verb and its conjugated suffix.
Category 2
- Verbs ending in 2 consonants
- Verbs ending in ít
- Monosyllabic stems ending in -t
For these verbs, you add -ott/-ett/-ött (depending on vowel harmony) + the suffix
Játszik – to play
Definite
| Én játszottam | Mi játszottuk |
| Te játszottad | Ti játszottátok |
| Ő játszotta | Ők játszották |
| Ön játszotta | Önök játszották |
Indefinite
| Én játszottam | Mi játszottunk |
| Te játszottál | Ti játszottatok |
| Ő játszott | Ők játszottak |
| Ön játszott | Önök játszottak |
Category 3
This category is for all other verbs that don’t fit into the previous two categories.
It also includes a select few verbs that look like they should belong to one of the other categories, but do not. These verbs are: lát, küld, mond, kezd
For this category, you do the same thing as category 1: add -t + suffix. EXCEPT for the indefinite conjugation of ő/Önök, which adds -ott/-ett/-ött instead of just „-t”.
Ad – to give
Definite
| Én adtam | Mi adtuk |
| Te adtad | Ti adtátok |
| Ő adta | Ők adták |
| Ön adta | Önök adták |
Indefinite
| Én adtam | Mi adtunk |
| Te adtál | Ti adtatok |
| Ő adott | Ők adtak |
| Ön adott | Önök adtak |
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